Clinical Trial Finder

Inclusion Criteria:

Maternal: 1. 18 years or older. 2. Signed informed consent to participate. 3. Diagnosis of moderate/severe SLE. 4. Ongoing treatment with anifrolumab. 5. Has reached or will reach steady state (~85 days postpartum, at least 3 consecutive previous doses during the post-partum period) with anifrolumab by the time of study Day 1 (pre-dose milk collection)1. 6. Established lactation in the index post-partum period (breastfeeding or pumping for at least 4 weeks at time of Day 1 visit to ensure mature milk production) 7. Willing to breastfeed or pump regularly during the study period to maintain milk supply and exclusively pump breast milk for the 24-hour period of breast milk collection on Day 1 post IV dose. 8. Plans to continue feeding infant breast milk at least throughout the duration of the study and is not weaning. 9. Must be exclusively breast milk-feeding their infant (or if not exclusively breast milk-feeding, not providing more than 1 supplemental bottle of formula per day) at the time of enrollment and throughout the study period. 10. Agrees to use only lanolin nipple cream during the sampling period.Infant: 1. Gestational age at delivery ≥32 weeks. 2. Birthweight > 10th percentile. 3. Weight > 10th percentile at the time of enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

Maternal: 1. Received any investigational compound or approved biologic or biosimilar within 30 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to enrollment in the study. 2. Diagnosis of lupus nephritis in the last 12 months5. 3. History of breast implants, breast augmentation, or breast reduction surgery that significantly impacts breastfeeding or collection of milk from 1 or both breasts. 4. History of malignancy in the last 10 years. 5. History of mastectomy. 6. Evidence of mastitis or any other significant active infection at Day 1 (pre-dose) Infant: 1. Any abnormality noted or clinically significant medical condition, including cardiac, pulmonary, and liver disease, glucose instability, or active infection at the time of screening that, in the opinion of the investigator, may make implementation of the protocol or interpretation of the trial difficult or would put the infant participant at risk by participating in the study

PRIMULA Lac is an open-label, open enrollment, post marketing study to assess concentrations of anifrolumab in breast milk and serum in lactating individuals who are receiving anifrolumab therapeutically, and to evaluate exposure on the breastfed infant. Milk collection will occur at a series of 14 timepoints. Maternal serum will be collected Day 1 (pre-dose and 0-4 hours post-dose), Day 12, and approximately Day 29 (immediately preceding subsequent dose). Infant serum will be collected on approximately Day 30 following the next dose and after 24 hours of breast feeding. Maternal and infant adverse events (AEs) will be actively collected for the duration of the study. Total duration of participation for each participant will be approximately 1 month. The objective of this lactation study is to assess presence of anifrolumab in breast milk and serum (maternal and infant) among lactating individuals who receive anifrolumab therapeutically and to evaluate exposure in the breastfed infant. This is a Post Marketing Requirements (PMR) study designed to fulfill the FDA post-marketing requirements.

Arms

Experimental: Anifrolumab

Lactating individuals 18 years of age or older receiving anifrolumab therapeutically who provide consent to participate will be included in the study. Milk collection will occur at a series of 14 timepoints, 1 pre-dose (spot) and 13 post-dose: Day 1 [0-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours, 12-18 hours, 18-24 hours], Day 3 [48 hours, spot], Day 4 (spot), Day 6 (spot), Day 8 (spot), Day 12 (spot), Day 16 (spot), Day 22 (spot), and Day 29 (prior to next dose, spot). Maternal serum will be collected Day 1 (pre-dose and 0-4 hours post-dose), Day 12, and approximately Day 29 (immediately preceding subsequent dose). Infant serum will be collected on approximately Day 30 following the next dose and after 24 hours of breast feeding.

Interventions

Drug: - Anifrolumab

Anifrolumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to subunit 1 of the type 1 interferon receptor, which was developed based on the evidence supporting the role of type 1 interferon pathway in SLE (Furie 2017). Clinical trial evidence from TULIP 1 and TULIP 2 have showed that monthly intravenous administration of anifrolumab led to a higher percentage of patients with a response, assessed with the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment, compared with patients receiving placebo (Furie 2019; Morand 2020). Moreover, the phase II MUSE study showed that administration of anifrolumab resulted in substantially reduce disease activity, as measured by the SLE Responder Index, compared to patients receiving placebo (Furie 2017). These data resulted with applications to the FDA and the EMA, leading to approval by them in July 2021 and February 2022, respectively, for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe SLE who are receiving standard therapy.