Inclusion Criteria:
1. Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent and to comply with the
study protocol. 2. Diagnosis of GCA classified per the following criteria:
• Age 50 years or older. AND at least one of the following:
- - Unequivocal cranial symptoms of GCA (new-onset localized headache, scalp
tenderness, temporal artery tenderness or decreased pulsation, ischemia-related
vision loss, or otherwise unexplained mouth or jaw pain upon mastication)
- Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), defined as shoulder and / or hip girdle
pain associated with inflammatory morning stiffness.
AND at least one of the following:
- - Cranial artery biopsy revealing features of GCA (e.g., mononuclear cell
infiltration or granulomatous inflammation).
- - Evidence of large-vessel vasculitis by angiography or cross-sectional imaging
study such as Image result for magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA), Computed
tomography angiography (CTA) , or Image result for positron emission tomography
(PET) and computed tomography (CT) (PET-CT)
- Ultrasound demonstration of features of GCA in a cranial artery.
3. New-onset or relapsing/refractory active disease defined as follows:
- - New onset: diagnosis of GCA within 6 weeks of baseline visit.
- - Relapsing/refractory: diagnosis of GCA > 6 weeks before baseline visit.
AND. • Active GCA within 6 weeks of baseline visit defined as the presence of clinical signs and
symptoms [cranial or PMR] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≥ 30 mm/hour or
C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 10 mg/L)
Exclusion Criteria:
1. General exclusion criteria.
- - Major surgery within 8 weeks prior to screening or planned major surgery within
12 months after randomization.
- - Transplanted organs (except corneal transplant performed more than 3 months prior
to screening)
- Major ischemic event, unrelated to GCA, within 12 weeks of screening.
2. Exclusions related to prior or concomitant therapy*
- - Treatment with any investigational agent within 12 weeks (or 5 half-lives of the
investigational drug, whichever is longer) of screening.
- - Previous treatment with cell-depleting therapies, including investigational
agents, including but not limited to Campath (alemtuzumab), anti-CD4 (cluster of
differentiation 4), anti-CD5, anti-CD3, anti-CD19, and anti-CD20.
- - Previous treatment with alkylating agents, such as chlorambucil, or with total
lymphoid irradiation.
- - Immunization with a live/attenuated vaccine within ≤ 4 weeks prior to baseline.
- - Treatment with cyclosporine A, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide or Mycophenolate
mofetil (MMF) within 4 weeks of baseline.
Patients on methotrexate at screening
will require discontinuation of this agent prior to baseline visit.
- - Treatment with etanercept within 2 weeks; infliximab, certolizumab, golimumab,
abatacept, or adalimumab within 8 weeks; or anakinra within 1 week of baseline.
- - Patients requiring systemic glucocorticoid therapy for conditions other than GCA,
which, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with adherence to the
fixed glucocorticoid taper regimen and/or to assessment of efficacy in response
to TCZ.
- - Inability, in the opinion of the investigator, to withdraw GC treatment through
protocol-defined taper regimen due to suspected or established adrenal
insufficiency.
- - Patients treated with TCZ before will be permitted to participate in the
trial if they demonstrated treatment efficacy and they did not discontinue
TCZ because of an adverse effect.
3. Exclusions related to general safety.
- - History of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions to human, humanized, or
murine monoclonal antibodies or to prednisone.
- - Evidence of serious uncontrolled concomitant cardiovascular, nervous system,
pulmonary (including obstructive pulmonary disease), renal, hepatic, endocrine
(including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus), psychiatric,
osteoporosis/osteomalacia, glaucoma, corneal ulcers/injuries, or gastrointestinal
(GI) disease.
- - Current liver disease, as determined by the investigator.
- - History of diverticulitis or active chronic ulcerative lower GI disease such as
Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or other symptomatic lower GI conditions
that might predispose a patient to perforations.
- - Known active current or history of recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal,
mycobacterial, or other infections (including but not limited to tuberculosis
[TB] and atypical mycobacterial disease, hepatitis B and C, and herpes zoster,
but excluding fungal infections of the nail beds)
- Any major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with IV
antibiotics within 4 weeks of screening or oral antibiotics within 2 weeks of
screening.
- - Active TB requiring treatment within the previous 3 years.
Patients treated for
TB with no recurrence within 3 years are eligible.
- - Untreated latent TB infection (LTBI).
Patients should be screened for latent TB
and, if positive, treated according to local practice guidelines prior to
initiating TCZ treatment. Patients treated for LTBI within 3 years are eligible.
Patients with current LTBI are eligible for enrollment one month after initiating
treatment for LTBI.
- - Primary or secondary immunodeficiency (history of or currently active)
- Evidence of malignant disease or malignancies diagnosed within the previous 5
years (except basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ
of the cervix uteri that have been excised and cured)
- Females of childbearing potential and females who are breastfeeding.
- - Males of reproductive potential who are not willing to use an effective method of
contraception, such as condom, sterilization, or true abstinence throughout study
and for a minimum of 6 months after study drug therapy.
- - History of alcohol, drug, or chemical abuse within 1 year prior to screening.
4. Laboratory exclusions.
- - ALT or AST > 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN)
- Total bilirubin > ULN.
- Platelet count < 100× 109/L (100,000/mm3)
- Hemoglobin < 85 g/L (8.5 g/dL; 5.3 mmol/L)
- White blood cells < 3.0 × 109/L (3000/mm3)
- Absolute neutrophil count < 1.0 × 109/L (1000/mm3)
- Absolute lymphocyte count < 0.5 × 109/L (500/mm3)
